Willis Johnson & Associates Blog | Financial Planning and Investments

How to Use a Health Savings Account (HSA) in Your Retirement Savings Strategy

Written by Alexis Long, MBA, CFP® | Feb 14, 2025 5:00:00 AM

Many of our super-saver clients come into our office wondering what more they can do to build up their nest egg for retirement. After maxing out Roth IRA contributions and 401(k)'s, they often believe they’ve saved as much as they can in traditional accounts. But have they?      

Many people don’t realize that their health benefits may provide them with another avenue for retirement: A Health Savings Account (HSA). While an HSA may seem like just another savings account to use for medical expenses, the truth is that it is a highly underutilized savings vehicle that can help minimize taxes and cover out-of-pocket medical expenses today or be used as an extra retirement account in the future.  

What is a Health Savings Account (HSA)? 

An HSA is a savings account available to those on a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) who can put aside money to cover qualified medical expenses without paying out of pocket. If you use an HSA for anything other than a qualified medical expense, you’ll pay a 20% tax penalty.  Once you hit age 65, this penalty no longer applies to you, and you can use an HSA as a regular retirement account similar to an IRA. Using your HSA for anything other than qualified medical expenses after age 65 is still taxed as income, but you can use the fund as you wish without worrying about any other penalties. 

Difference between a Health Savings Account (HSA) and a Flexible Spending Account (FSA) 

Many corporate professionals have a Flexible Spending Account through their company’s medical benefits.

If you have an FSA, you can contribute to the FSA from your paychecks each year; however, if you don’t use the entirety of the FSA, you forfeit them at year-end.

An HSA is an ongoing savings account where the funds roll over year-to-year and can be used for future medical expenses. HSA funds can also be used for medical expenses from previous years as long as those expenses were incurred while you were covered by an HDHP. Also, the money you save in an HSA can be invested and grow tax-free. 

 

HSA Eligibility and Rules for 2025 

A Health Savings Account (HSA) is a great way to pay for medical expenses with tax-free money. But there are a few rules as to how an HSA works: 

  1. You must have a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) for an HSA. Not every employer offers an HDHP, so you must confirm that you have one before contributing to an HSA account. An HDHP is a plan with a deductible of at least $1,650 for an individual or $3,300 for a family (2025).
    You also cannot be enrolled in Medicare to use an HSA.

  2. Withdrawals must be for qualified medical expenses to be tax-free. The IRS outlines which expenses are considered qualified, a reasonably broad list. If you withdraw funds for non-qualified expenses, you will pay income taxes and a 20% tax penalty.
    Although once you reach age 65, you can withdraw funds from an HSA for any retirement expenses without facing a tax penalty; however, you will pay income taxes on the withdrawals. 
  3. In one calendar year, any contributions to the HSA must be within the annual contribution limits. These contributions are tax-deductible, but going above these limits can result in penalties. Contributions above the limit mandated by the IRS are subject to income tax and a 6% excise tax every year until the excess amount is removed. 

 

HSA Contributions for 2025 

Every year, the IRS sets the contribution limits an individual or family can put into a health savings account. In 2025, individuals can contribute $4,300 to their HSA, while families can contribute $8,550. The catch-up contribution hasn’t changed since 2024, meaning that those age 55 and older can contribute an extra $1,000 to their HSA, or $2,000 if they have a spouse, for a total of $5,300 and $10,550, respectively.

 

Tax Benefits of an HSA 

An HSA is helpful as a retirement fund because it is “triple tax-advantaged.” What does this mean? An HSA is incredibly tax-efficient for tax-deductible contributions, tax-deferred growth, and tax-free withdrawals.  

Tax-Deductible Contributions  

 If you make your contributions directly to your HSA account, you can write them off as deductions on your federal tax return for the year of your contributions.  

Tax-Deferred Growth 

Your HSA’s growth is tax-deferred, meaning that when you make contributions and invest them, you do not have to pay taxes on any of the growth in the account.  

Tax-Free Withdrawals for Qualified Medical Expenses 

If your withdrawals are for a qualified medical expense, like a deductible, copay, prescription, etc., you do not have to pay taxes. And once you reach age 65, any tax penalty other than an ordinary income tax is removed, meaning you can use your HSA funds for anything without suffering a 20% penalty. 

Working with a Financial Advisor for a Strategic Retirement Plan 

An HSA is an incredibly tax-efficient investment vehicle because of its tax-deductible contributions, tax-deferred growth, and tax-free withdrawals for qualified medical expenses. It can be especially advantageous to invest in early because, for retirees after age 65, it can be used for both retirement and medical expenses, which tend to increase with age. 

A successful retirement requires more than just savings strategies, though. You also need the right tax strategies to ensure you aren’t paying more taxes than you need to. At Willis Johnson and Associates, we work with you to optimize your finances and avoid leaving any money on the table. If you're seeking peace of mind for your finances, contact our team for a free consultation with an advisor.